Co-Occurrence of Atmospheric and Oceanic Heatwaves in the Eastern Mediterranean over the Last Four Decades

Heatwaves are now considered one of the main stressors global warming. As a result anthropogenic warming, atmospheric and oceanic heatwaves have increased in frequency, intensity duration recent decades. These extreme events recently become major concern climate research due to their economic environmental impacts on ecosystems. In this study, we investigated co-occurrence relationship between marine (AHW/MHW) Eastern Mediterranean (EMED) over last four decades (1982–2021). Furthermore, spatio-temporal variability trends sea surface temperature (SST), near-surface air (SAT), AHW MHW characteristics (frequency duration) were examined. For these objectives, used daily gridded high-resolution satellite SST data (0.05° × 0.05°) fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF-ERA5) reanalysis SAT wind components (0.25° 0.25°). The results showed an average warming trend about 0.38 ± 0.08 °C/decade 0.43 0.05 SST, respectively. A high statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation (R = 0.90) was found frequency. Our that more than half MHWs EMED co-occurred with AHWs throughout study period. most intense summer 2021, which AHW, associated higher positive anomalies decrease speed anomaly.